Harley Davidson Essay Example for Free

Harley Davidson Essay Mission Statement Our diversity mission is to foster a culture that integrates diversity and inclusion into all aspects of the business in order to further fulfill dreams through the experiences of motorcycling.   Vision Statement Harley-Davidson values, embraces and celebrates diversity in order to develop and continuously improve mutually beneficial relationships with stakeholders to fulfill dreams and provide extraordinary customer experiences in an increasingly dynamic, diverse and global market. Objectives   Create a viable brand that would effectively compete within the Non-Menthol, Lo-Fi category. Attract more young adult (25-49) male smokers into the Lorillard family.   Develop a highly targeted â€Å"Niche Brand’ that would generate modest share goals.   Build strong brand awareness and imaginary.   Gain trial and repeat purchase.   Create consumer confidence. Strategies   MARKET PENETRATION Get some more market share from the existing market, like U. S, U. K, and Japan etc through more marketing techniques like advertising. Harley-Davidson has a good brand name so it’s easy for them to eat up the competitor market share if they can provide some more customer benefit. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Younger generation and female are now coming to this segment so expand the motor cycle segments to younger generation and females.   MARKET DEVELOPMENT Harley-Davidson can bring in their vehicle to Asian countries like India and China, because these countries have a high population and the market potential is also high.   DIVERSIFICATION Bring new bikes to attract customer and market. INVESTING IN THE BRAND The Company is reinforcing its support of the Harley-Davidson brand, accelerating its ongoing marketing efforts to reach out to emerging rider groups, including younger and diverse riders. In addition, the Company will continue to focus on product innovations targeted at specific growth opportunities with its strong core customer base and new riders.   ADJUSTING THE COST STRUCTURE Consolidate its two engine and transmission plants in the Milwaukee area into its facility in Menomonee Falls, Wis. OBTAINING ADDITIONAL FUNDING FOR HDFS The Company said it is evaluating a range of options to provide the necessary liquidity for the wholesale and retail lending activities of Harley-Davidson Financial Services (HDFS)   Recommended Mission To be branded as the best motorcycle available in the world. Recommended Vision The best quality motorcycle, motorcycle products and financial services will be provided worldwide is the commitment of Harley-Davidson. Customer satisfaction is our motto and the Harley-Davidson customers can experience the taste of reality of motorcycle dreams by relaying their satisfaction on us. Harley- Davidson is dedicated to use the advanced technology to produce the most superior motorcycle in domestic and international markets. Stay competitive and continue growth worldwide remain profitable and survive is our philosophy. Employees of Harley-Davidson are the foundation of the company and they are the driving force behind the Harley-Davidson name. The total team effort of Harley-Davidson employees is devoted to fulfilling dreams of customers and we believe that there is not a motorcycle riding experience like a Harley-Davidson’s. Excellence is our push though our Harley-Davidson bar and shield logo that says superior quality. Honesty and customer loyalty and these morals are the heartbeat of Harley-Davidson organization. Harley-Davidson do our part in supporting all environmental laws in every country we do business. Determination and commitment is the place where Harley-Davidson intends to stay.   External Opportunities The European demand for Harley Davidson is the highest in the international market and represents the single largest motorcycle market in the world Women and younger riders are increasing becoming interested in bikes The international heavy weight market is growing and is now larger than the U. S. heavyweight market Market share increasing in Europe and Asia for the last two years   Increasing demand in US markets for bike. Customers value quality parts   External Threats   Harley’s ongoing capacity restraints caused a shortage supply and a loss in domestic market share in recent years.   Harley’s average buying age is 42 years old and increasing.   The European Union’s motorcycles noise standards are more stringent than those of Environmental Protection Agencies in the U. S and increased environmental stand. Some competitors of Harley Davidson have larger financial and marketing resources and they are more diversified.   Environmental protection laws. S customers to the Asian customers they can increase the sales.   PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Younger generation and female are now coming to this segment so expand the motor cycle segments to younger generation and females.   In Europe they can increase or expand the Buell’s market share by introducing new motorcycles.   MARKET DEVELOPMENT   Harley-Davidson can bring in their vehicle to Asian countries like India and China, because these countries have a high population and the market potential is also high. The cost to bring in the old vehicles (old product) to India is so much difficult because there are so much environmental laws are there which won’t allow that type of vehicles to come to India, and its difficult that taxes and levis are high in India so starting new plant in India can solve this problem. Negotiations with the Government can solve these problems. DIVERSIFICATION Bring in new vehicles to new markets like India and china is a good choice, but it’s too costly.   Bringing new types of recreational vehicles is a best choice.   Recommended Long-Term Objectives. Establish Harley-Davidson as a recognized leader in the development and participation of its people, to maximize each employees potential. Grow and maintain demand by providing exceptional product styling, performance, quality, reliability and customer service at prices our customers can afford.   Meet the demand by expanding our existing distribution and manufacturing capacity, and, where necessary, adding new production and retail distribution points.   Improve information services capabilities to enable all stakeholders to easily do business with Harley-Davidson, through the creative integration of information technologies. Drive financial results to the levels achieved by acknowledged high-performing companies.   Recommended Procedure for Strategy Review and Evaluation   Review underlying bases of strategy   Once again prepare all the internal and external analysis.   Compare the already prepared analysis with the one which will be prepared after the new strategy implementation. Measuring organization preferences Analyze all financial ratios current and the future.   If any advantage, then implement the new strategy, otherwise continue with the present one.

The Allocating of a ‘Named Person for Every Child in Scotland Essay

Introduction Throughout my seminar paper I will focus on the issues surrounding the governments plan to assign every child in Scotland a ‘named person'. This is one point in the Children and Young Peoples (Scotland) Bill, that parliament recently debated and passed on the 19th of February this year. The government believes the bill will promote their "ambition for Scotland to be the best place to grow up in by putting children and young people at the heart of planning and services and ensuring their rights are respected across the public sector" (Scottish Executive, 2013). To gain insight into the approach in which the ‘named person' has stemmed from I will look at the ‘Getting it right for every child' (GIRFEC) approach. I also intend to look at the purpose and role of the ‘named person' in depth as some organisations lack of clarity of the role is leading to concerns. I intend to discuss the arguments for and against the ‘named person' and the challenges this may put on integration. Throughout the paper I will discuss the government's need for every child and young person under the age of 18 to have a ‘named person' and relate it to a European policy known as ‘social pedagogy', which outlines a unique way of working with children and the foundation for policy development. GIRFEC approach The Scottish government wants all children and young people to be completely supported as they mature and develop, they believe children should be kept safe, be healthy, be given the support to achieve, be nurtured, have the opportunity to be active, be respected, be responsible, and be included. In order for practitioners to support them with these the Scottish government applied the ‘GIRFEC' national practice model in 2008, as a method... ...s state guardian trial singled out thousands of kids. Retrieved February 22, 2014, from http://www.christian.org.uk/news/scots-state-guardian-trial-singled-out-thousands-of-kids/ The Scotsman. (2013). Children’s Future. Retrieved May 2, 2014, from http://www.scotsman.com/news/opinion/letters/children-s-future-1-2924308 The Telegraph. (2013). Lawyers warn against 'Big Brother' plans to give every Scottish child a state guardian. Retrieved February 27, 2014, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/10214975/Lawyers-warn-against-Big-Brother-plans-to-give-every-Scottish-child-a-state-guardian.html The Telegraph. (2014). Scottish ministers threatened with legal action over 'state guardian' plans. Retrieved February 23, 2014, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10650090/Scottish-ministers-threatened-with-legal-action-over-state-guardian-plans.html

Ratio Analysis †Yum! Brands Essay

Yum! Brands’ consolidated net profit margin lies within the industry average and for 2 years have shown slow yet steady growth. While sales from US operations declined by 5%, the company continued to gain momentum in China, where operating profit increased at an average of 26% year-on-year. Meanwhile, their Return on Assets fairs better than competitors such as McDonald’s and Domino’s Pizza, showing that management efficiently manages its asset base. The company’s efficiency can be seen in its Cash Conversion Cycle, with -49. 2 in 2009. This number is much lower from its competitors, which suggests a liquid working capital position. Yum generates sales from its inventory and cash from its sales at a faster rate than the time its pays its suppliers. This means that it utilizes the average 60-day period before it has to fully purchases with suppliers, giving them â€Å"free cash† in principle. However, while this suggests less need to borrow, the comp any still received cash by issuing long-term debt in 2008 and 2009. Due to the nature of the business, on average, 56% of its total assets are fixed. And as Yum ventures into Asian countries, especially China and India, it allocates part of its cash to capital spending. However, in utilizing its fixed assets to generate sales, Yum scores lower compared to Wendy’s and McDonald’s. This may be due to its focus on aggressively adding new stores, with 2008 and 2009 serving as introduction years, before sales can fully pick up. One could also note, however, that sales in the US and International Divisions (ex-China) have decreased from 2007 to 2009. The company’s solvency, however, provides another story. As mentioned, Yum reported negative equity in 2008 mainly due to repurchase of sales. The company used its cash surplus to repurchase sales at a time when its stock price decreased, making it gain economic profits. This may also show the company’s belief and commitment that the stock price will increase again, especially because of the surge in opportunities in China. In addition, it reported accumulated other comprehensive loss in 2008 and 2009. As stated in its 2008 annual report, this loss was attributable to a decline in the â€Å"unrecognized funded status† of U. S. pension plans and foreign currency translation adjustments brought by the strengthened position of the U. S. Dollar. What is alarming in this situation is that the company is riding on a debt level that is 30% higher than its competitors. Majority of its liabilities are long-term debt, with some maturing in 30 years. Moreover, its current ratio appears to be very much lower than its peers, due to its massive use of cash for buybacks, and which suggests increasing risks to the company. It is hence surprising to note that despite this, the company still continues to distribute dividends with an average payout ratio of 36% year-on-year. This then hints at a possibility that Yum is inflating its dividends to continue attracting investors, at the expense of paying their debt position. Source: YUM! Brands Annual Report 2008 & 2009

Sources Of Renewable Energy Sources - 3327 Words

The continued reliance on fossil fuels over the centuries has led to these resources being almost completely exhausted. Furthermore, their use has had extremely negative effects on the environment, namely pollution and global warming as a result of the build-up of greenhouse gases. It is therefore essential to consider alternative, cleaner energy sources. It was decided that six renewable energy sources should be researched in order to determine which are most suitable for use in the West of Scotland. Biomass Energy Biomass is biological matter originating from living or recently living organisms, and it is the oldest source of renewable energy. The biomass used for energy normally comes from plant-based material.1 During photosynthesis, the chlorophyll in plants captures the sun’s energy, in order to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates. Subsequently, combusting these carbohydrates produces water and carbon dioxide, hence releasing the energy initially captured from the sun.2 The most widely used method of converting biomass to electricity involves burning it to produce steam, this then causes rotation in a turbine, and this kinetic energy produces electicity.2 This process is shown below: Biomass is a completely renewable source of energy: in addition to the energy it stores being from the sun, biomass can re-grow over a reasonably short time period.2 It is widely available and can be sourced from within the UK, and in fact everyShow MoreRelatedRenewable Sources Of Energy Sources1213 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy Sources Introduction Energy sources have been identified as being vital in running virtually all domestic and industrial operations. There are two types of energy sources; renewable energy sources and nonrenewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources refer to the kinds that are naturally replenished. These include sunlight, the wind, ocean tides, waves, geothermal heat and rain (Tiwari et al., 2012). Nonrenewable energy sources, on the other hand, are the kinds that do not renew themselvesRead MoreEnergy Sources And Non Renewable Energy Source Essay2240 Words   |  9 Pagessomewhat skeptical of this renewable energy source. The second group that I wish to address are those who are deemed to be environmentalists, who have a very strong faith in wind energy and other forms of renewables. Since these two audiences can be quite different the way in which I address concerns are going to have to be comprehensive to both. With focusing first on locals, I wish to include the basic information on wind turbines so that all aspects of this renewable energy source can be fully understoodRead MoreRenewable Sources Of Energy And Energy1120 Words   |  5 PagesAlternate energies are forms of energy that do not deplete natural resources or harm the earth. The sources of the energies are naturally found or generated or are part of a natural conversion from one source into another. Energy cannot be destroyed but can be converted into other forms, therefore there are many reactions occurring around us that allow us to harness these energies. Alternate sources of energy has been extensively researched as a result of the large energy crisis that is being experiencedRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources2307 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Alternative / Renewable Energy Sources vs. Dependence on Oil Introduction Will solar energy and other renewable, alternative energy sources, replace the current main source of electrical energy production oil and coal? What alternative energy sources show the most potential for producing electrical energy in the future? How will this transition take place and when will it take place? 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This report aims initially to focus on the energy situation in the United Kingdom, and then present two forms of energy conventional energy in specific coal, and renewable energy which is wind energy, and will finally recommend the most suitable one after comparing and contrastingRead MoreEnergy Of Renewable Energy Sources Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years many endeavors have been devoted to reduce the pollutant energy generation by increasing the utilization of clean energy sources. Actually, the power sector is responsible for roughly a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions [1]. Thus, the widespread introduction of renewable energy sources is seen to be one of the major solutions. Meanwhile, fossil fuel based power plants will still be needed. In any case, fully abs taining from the use of fossil fuels is difficult. Nevertheless,Read MoreRenewable Sources Of Energy And Energy1983 Words   |  8 Pagesof all the energy used in the day-to-day lives and operations of the entire world population are nonrenewable. This energy is created from the fossil fuels: coal, petroleum and natural gas. Fossil fuels are still cheap and high in supply, but the rate at which we are consuming them, which is only expected to increase, vastly exceeds the rate at which they regenerate. This creates the aforementioned problem of mankind running out of the required natural resources to fuel its own energy demands. TheRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources For Energy1540 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern over the growing demand for energy, and the lack of non-renewable energy resources to meet the demand in the future. In addition, the question of â€Å"sustainability†;the ability to balance social, economic, and environmental needs in energy production to meet both current and long-term requirements;has come to the forefront. It is clear that America must expand energy production quickly, and that we must develop renewable, sustainable energy sources to meet long-term demand and protectRead MoreThe Energy Source Of Renewable Energy3041 Words   |  13 Pagesis using fossil fuels, which are nonrenewable sources. Fossil fuels are cheap and limited. They will soon be depleted. The world needs to find a source of energy that is not only renewable but sustainable. Sustainable Energy is usually associated with renewable energy. This is because renewable energy is a continuous source. However, the sustainability of each of different types of renewable energy vary. Sustainable energy means that amount of energy that is used, is also generated. The idea of sustainability

Students With Disabilities Act Of The United States

As of late Syracuse University has been home to a large protest group known as THE General Body. This group’s aim is to bring about change in multiple areas on campus, one of which is disability services. THE General Body has pointed out that this university does not fully meet the requirements stated by the Americans with Disabilities act of 1990. Throughout their list of grievances THE General Body goes through very specific examples of what needs to be changed. It is their hope that Syracuse University will recognize these issues and work toward an acceptable solution. If the University can achieve this, any changes made will greatly improve the school as a whole. In 1990 a bill was passed called the Americans with Disabilities†¦show more content†¦The first area of accommodations needed to be altered is physical. As THE General Body points out there are many areas on campus that are not completely accessible to those with disabilities. The groups main concerns are with Falk college, bathroom accessibility, and in some cases a complete lack of access into a building. In the full list of grievances THE General Body shares that while under construction, an auditorium was purposefully not made to meet ADA code. When asked, a contractor involved in the renovation admitted that creating the necessary changes would be too expensive. Although this is the only example of a lack of a physical accommodation due to finances mentioned in the list of grievances, it can almost be assured that there are numerous instances mirroring this one. The next architectural issue discussed is the lack of handicap bathrooms in dorms higher than the first flo or. This prevents students with disabilities to be mixed throughout floors while living on campus, and having the same social opportunities as anyone else. Lastly it is mentioned that some areas on campus are completely or partially inaccessible to those with disabilities. Some examples given are The financial aid office and the bursar’s office. Each one of these can be vital to a students time at Syracuse and need to available to all students. The next set of accommodations needed to be provided are

Pope Leo The Third, 66, Died On 12 June, 816 After 20 Years

Pope Leo the Third, 66, died on 12 June, 816 after 20 years of being the Vicar of Peter. In his years of service, he was a marvelous Pope. He fought for the teachings of Jesus Christ, and effortlessly tried to enrich Christianity as far as God allowed it. It is unclear how he died now, but one thing is for sure is that he will be greatly missed. Pope Leo the Third was born to Atyuppius and Elizabeth in Southern Italy. He was a very God fearing and trusting child. His mother always said he was meant to be something great. In his early years, Pope Leo the Third served in his church’s administration. Later in life, Pope Leo the Third became cardinal priest of Santa Susanna, while chief of his church’s political treasury, because of his†¦show more content†¦So, on April 25, 799, Pope Leo the Third processed into the masses through the Flaminian Gate to receive the citizen’s oath of loyalty. As he was riding on horseback down to the Church of the Blessed Law rence, Pope Leo the Third was viciously attacked by armed Roman men. The attackers attempted to cut out his eyes and tongue. Pope Leo the Third was rendered injured and unconscious. He was then whisked into to the Monastery of the holy martyr Erasmus to be kept safe. After that horrid event, Pope Leo the Third escaped to the Duke of Spoleto, then to King Charlemagne, then back home to Rome to finally rest. The rebels that concocted that uncalled-for attack, then came forward to King Charlemagne to lay formal charges of adultery and perjury on Pope Leo the Third. The physical attack and accusation were of very high treason. No person on earth can charge the Vicar of Christ. King Charlemagne’s Advisor Alcuin agreed with that fact and reminded King Charlemagne of the Pope’s position in power and reputation. In the following December, the investigation of the accusation against the Pope were halted and never continued fully. King Charlemagne ordered those who conspired and attacked the Pope to be put to death under the Roman law of lese majeste. However, Pope Leo the Third begged King Charlemagne to spare their lives in the name of Christian charity. Then, on December 23, Pope Leo the third decided to take the oath of purgation and fully cooperate. Pope Leo the

Competitive Strategy The Pharmaceutical Industry

Question: Describe about the Competitive Strategy for The Pharmaceutical Industry. Answer: Introduction The project focuses on the pharmaceutical industry and the food and beverage industry of Australia. In order to understand the competitive strategy of the company two companies from each of the industries has been chosen. The chosen companies for analysing the pharmaceutical industry are Alphapharm and AstraZeneca, while the companies for the food and beverage industry are Fonterra Co-op Group and Lion Nathan National Food in Australia. Alphapharm is one of the largest generics and specialty pharmaceutical companies over the globe. The company manufactures more than 1,400 different products to wholesale, retail, government and institutional customers (Mylan.com.au. 2016). AstraZeneca is a global pharmaceutical company that deals with research, development, manufacturing and supplying of medicines (Astrazeneca.com. 2016). One the other hand, Fonterra Co-op Group is a global cooperatively owned company in New Zealand. The company aims to source secure, high quality milk to add real value to the customers all over the world (Fonterra.com. 2016). The Lion Nathan National Foods is a beverage and food industry operating in Australia and New Zealand and produces beer, wine, dairy, juices, RTDs and spirit (Lionco.com, 2016). The study therefore discusses the elements of the AAA framework to evaluate the adaptability, aggregation and arbitrage strategy of all the chosen four countries of the pharmaceutical industry and the f ood and beverage industry of Australia. The ways of using the elements of the AAA framework are also discussed to obtain detailed knowledge about the industry analysis of the company. Industry level analysis of the chosen industries Industry level analysis is one of the tools that support a company to understand the position of the company in the market with respect to its competitors. The AAA framework is an effective framework that helps to analyse the market of the industries. In the opinion of (Cusumano, Kahl and Suarez 2015), the three As of the framework represents the adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage of the organisation. The industry analysis of the chosen 4 companies is performed using the AAA framework. Industry level analysis of AstraZeneca: Adaptation: AstraZeneca implements various strategies that help the organisation to increase the market share and the revenue of the company. In order to enter into the new customer base, the company adapts practices and measures that help to attract the customers towards the brand. AstraZeneca has globally introduced the Young Health Programme that supports the vulnerable young individuals to understand and have a positive impact to handle the issues regarding health faced by them. Furthermore, in 2012, the company launched three-partnership with the George Institute for Global Health to improve the health conditions of the people over the world through research and development. Aggregation: The Company adopts strategies that help to achieve economies of scale by creating global efficiencies. The products offered by AstraZeneca are set at reasonable price that helps to attract more customers. Cost effective approaches and pricing strategies are used to achieve centralize purchasing of the raw materials, producing final products etcetera. AstraZeneca believes that the business will grow if the public are kept updated about the information regarding the medicines sold by the company (Teeratansirikool et al. 2013). Arbitrage: AstraZeneca implements strategies in the workplace that helps to create global value by profiting through margin of difference in different supply chain. The partnering process of AstraZeneca aims to be flexible, responsive and honest with the partners to provide equal value to both the parties. Hollensen (2015) mentioned that the company tries to establish long-term partnership to allow full participation in the development decision about the products. Industry level analysis of Alphapharm: Adaptation: Alphapharm applies global quality standards across the product line and the facilities despite the market. During the process of manufacturing and packaging, the company implies advanced and innovative technology and system that supports the company to meet the products with the specification. According to Bayraktaret al. (2016) the methods help the company to influence a wide network of both local and international channel of access that includes the institutions, physicians, government, retailer and wholesalers of the company. Aggregation: Alphapharm offers generic products to the customers as the generic medicines are more affordable and preferred by the patients. The sustainability of the government subsidised Pharmaceutical Benefit Schemes (PBS) is ensured with the help of the savings made due to the generic medicines. Arbitrage: In order to achieve global value the company intends to educate the government all over the world about the effectiveness of the generic medicines (Pulaj, Kume and Cipi 2015). The oral solid dose manufacturing capacity of the company grew about 65 billion and 80% of the products of the company are manufactured internally. Industry level analysis of Fonterra Co-op Group Adaptation: As the demand, for the dairy products have been increasing globally over the days, the company tries to grab more of the available opportunities in order to increase its revenue and profit. The company therefore takes decisive steps that help to meet the nutritional needs of the market. The seven key strategic paths of the company that is adopted by the company are optimising the New Zealand milk, build and grow beyond the current customer position. Deliver on foodservice potential, grow the anlene business, develop leading position in the paediatrics and maternal nutrition, invest selectively in the milk pools and align the business to enable the proper implication of the strategies (Lechner and Gudmundsson 2014). Aggregation: In order to offer high quality products to the customers all over the world,Fonterra Co-op Group collaborates with other companies that help to complement the focus of the company. Recently in 2015 march, Fonterra Co-op Group completed a partial Beingmate tender offer that helped to achieve a global partnership and meet the growing demand for infant formula in China (Devlin 2013). Arbitrage: Fonterra Co-op Group further implies strategies and open innovation policies that help to encourage the external partners to contribute in the development of new products and technologies. The company intends to achieve global value for which it has active research partnership with a number of universities and research facilities all over the world (Barotoet al. 2012). Industry level analysis of Lion Nathan National Food Adaptation: In order to adapt with the changing market of Australia, Lion Nathan National Food implements strategies that helps to understand the needs of the stakeholders in order to operate in partnership with the stakeholders. This helps to increase the productivity of the employees and thereby earn higher profit for the company (Rashidirad, Soltani and Syed 2013). Aggregation: As per the notion of the company, the culture of the market in Australia can be measured and influenced. When the culture is focused with constructive, inclusive and achievement, the employees are offered with great experiences and underpin success of the business in the long-run (Barei, Le Pen and Simoens 2013). Arbitrage: Lion Nathan National Food creates value for the products in the market by supporting better choice for the products. In order to increase the brand name, the company tries to improve the food and beverage choices of the individuals in Australia and New Zealand. Ways by which the company uses the elements of the AAA framework The study focuses on the pharmaceutical industry and the food and beverage industry of Australia. The companies of both the industries use the AAA framework that helps them to analyse the industrial level of the companies. The companies are able to evaluate the strategies used to deal with the competitive market with the support of the AAA framework elements. The pharmaceutical industry of Australia uses the elements of the AAA framework to develop competitive advantage for the company that helps to achieve a high position in the market. In order to incorporate the AAA framework in the business, the use of the authentication is the first process that provides the users a way to identify the systems used in the workplace. AstraZeneca uses all the three elements of the AAA framework, however, main focus is made on the adaptability and the arbitrage strategies of the company. The company introduces to the Young Health Programme to minimise the health issues from which a number of citizen suffer. Further, the company unites with the George Institute for Global Health to improve the health condition of the individuals. The company uses the cost effective strategies for cost minimisation, which is not that satisfactory. Thus, it can be inferred that the two elements of the company are used well that is the adaptability and the arbitrage strateg y of the company. The Alphapharm uses the first two elements of the AAA framework effectively that helps the company to achieve competitive advantage in the market of Australia. The company uses the adaptation element of the framework during the manufacturing and packaging process. The innovative and new technologies are implemented by the company. The Fonterra Co-op Groupuses all the three elements of the AAA framework to achieve an effective competitive advantage for itself. It uses the seven strategic path for itself that helps the company to perform as per the need and demand of the market. Moreover, the company Beingmate tender that helped to gain the aggregation strategy for the company. In order to use the third element that is the arbitrage the company includes open innovation policies. The Lion Nathan National Foods company in Australia pays attention towards the stakeholders need which can be referred as the use of the adaptation strategy in order to survive in the competitive market (Perry and Pyatt 2015). The company has been unsuccessful in using the elements of the AAA framework effectively. Elements AstraZeneca Alphapharm Fonterra Co-op Group Lion Nathan National Foods company Adaptation Young Health Programme Three-partnership with the George Institute for Global Health Innovative technology Seven key strategic paths Increase revenue Strategies to understand the need of stakeholders and improve sales Aggregation Cost effective approaches Pricing strategies Alphapharm offers generic products Sustainability of the government subsidised Pharmaceutical Benefit Schemes (PBS) Beingmate tender offer Culture is focused with constructive, inclusive and achievement Arbitrage Long-term partnership Educate the government about the generic medicines strategies and open innovation policies active research partnership with a number of universities and research facilities Supporting better choice for the products Conclusion From the above industry level analysis of the four chosen company it can be inferred that the AAA framework is an effective tool to measure the adaptability, aggregation and arbitrage strategy of the companies. The organisation are able to analyse their competitive advantage with the help of the AAA framework. The more a company is able to use the elements of the AAA framework the more is the company able to become competitively strong. The organisations gain a competitive advantage over its competitors that help them to earn higher market share and better market position. It can be therefore recommended that Fonterra Co-op Group needs to pay more focus on the utilization of the elements of the AAA framework. The maximum utilization of the elements will help the company to focus on the main objectives of the company that will in turn help to increase the market position of the company. The competitive strategies will help the industries and the companies to understand the industry in a better manner. Appropriate knowledge about the industry and the market supports the development of strong action plan. The organisational goals are effectively communicated that helps to achieve the goals in a smooth manner. Therefore, the proper use of the elements of the AAA framework (Adaptation, Aggregation and Arbitrage strategy) helps Alphapharm, AstraZeneca,Fonterra Co-op Group and Lion Nathan National Food in Australia to gain improved opportunity for success. References Astrazeneca.com. (2016).AstraZeneca - Research-Based BioPharmaceutical Company. [online] Available at: https://www.astrazeneca.com/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2016]. Barei, F., Le Pen, C. and Simoens, S., 2013. The generic pharmaceutical industry: moving beyond incremental innovation towards re-innovation.Generics Biosimilar J. Baroto, M.B., Abdullah, M.M.B. and Wan, H.L., 2012. Hybrid strategy: A new strategy for competitive advantage.International Journal of Business and Management,7(20), p.120. Bayraktar, C.A., Hancerliogullari, G., Cetinguc, B. and Calisir, F., 2016. 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